Mathematics has lots of branches. One of the foremost branches of mathematics is calculus. The formal study of calculus started from the 17th century by well-known scientists and mathematicians like Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz. It is a mathematical discipline that is primarily concerned with functions, limits, derivatives, and integrals just to name a few.
Calculus has two different fields. The first subfield is called differential calculus. Using the concept of function derivatives, it studies the behavior and rate on how different quantities change. The second subfield is called integral calculus. Integration is actually the reverse process of differentiation, concerned with the concept of the anti-derivative. Even though these two subfields are generally different from each other, these two concepts are linked by the fundamental theorem of calculus.
Calculus is used in every branch of the physical sciences, actuarial science, computer science, statistics, engineering, economics, business, medicine, demography, and in other fields wherever a problem can be mathematically modeled and an optimal solution is desired.